The battery was used to have a current running through the wire. The current is required to run through the wire because this allows it to have a magnetic field
Wire
This is what spins. This has a current running through it and has a magnetic field in which a torque is created because it is pushed around. It is only scraped on one side because if it was scarped on both it would be pulled on both sides, but we want it to continue in the same direction so we only scraped one side. If we scraped the entire thing, it would be pushed/pulled then pushed/pulled back the other way. It would go back and forth but we want to it to spin in one direction and by scraping one side it is pushed/pulled,goes all the way around, then is pushed/pulled
Magnet
This is what pushes the wire. It's push or pull gets to the wires magnetic field which the current creates, which is why the wire can't be to far from the magnet. This push or pull then creates a torque causing the wire to spin
Uses
You could wrap the wires in blade and make a fan. They would spin and go fast to cool you down
You could put it on your mousetrap car and it would be the fastest car out there
This is what cars to make the wheels spin. A motor of a car is something that converts gas (mechanical energy) into kinetic energy by just spinning
The reason that the motor spins is because a torque is created by the magnet pushing on a side of the wire. This wire has current running through it. This gives it a magnetized domain and creates a magnetic field. The magnetic is able to reach this field and pushes it. This is why we only scraped one side. So it would only push/pull one side. It wouldn't work without current running through the wire, scraping both sides, or no magnet.
A. Charges and Polarization including Coulomb's law
Types of charges
Positive
Negative
Opposite charges attract
Positive charges will be drawn to negative charges and will be repelled by positive charges and vice versa
An object can be
Positively/Negatively Charged
This mean the electrons or protons outnumbers the other causing the object to be overall charged
Neutral
Polar
All protons go to one side and electrons go to the other giving it charged sides but remaining with an overall neutral charge
Non-Polar
Protons and electrons are evenly distributed
Three ways an object can become charged
Induction
Lightning
Contact
Static Electricity
Contact
Balloon on Wall
Coulomb's Law is used to measure the attraction between two charges
In this formula distance has the biggest impact because it is squared
B. Electric Fields
An electric field is the area around a charge that can influence another charge
How close two things must be to attract or repel one another
Arrows
An arrow of an electric field shows the direction in which a PROTON would go in that electric field
In the picture above, the proton would be repelled from the proton and attracted to the electron
Electric Shielding
A force within a sphere that will feel no force
Metal keeps electricity
Examples
Seran Wrap on a Bowl
Electronics encased in metal
C. Electric Potential/Electric Potential difference, Capacitors
Electric Potential measure how much power something can put out
Only matters if there is a difference in electric potential
Birds on the electric lines
The lines are far enough apart so that the birds never touch another wire and get shocked
This is because the lines have difference electric potential and the bird would complete a circuit between the two
A difference in electric potential is voltage
Capacitors
Two sides
Positive
Negative
The sides are attracted
They are briefly connected and emit energy
Example
Flash on a camera
When they are connected light is emitted and the flash then goes off and shines a light
D. Ohm’s law and electric potential difference
I= Current
Amps
V= Voltage
Volts
R= Resistance
Ohms
Current is directly proportional to voltage applied to a device
Current and resistance are inversely proportional\
Resistance
To increase resistance, increase thickness of the wire
To increase resistance decrease temperature
Example questions:
A circuit has a current of 40 amps and a voltage of 20. What is the Resistance?
2 ohms
A circuit has a 120V and 60 ohms of resistance. What is the current?
2 amps
The only reason why a circuit has voltage is because there is a diffence in two volts. Each side has a different amount of
E. Types of Current, source of electrons, Power
Types of Current
Alternating
The electrons within this circuit move back and forth
Start by going forward then reverse directions
Direct
The electrons within this circuit move in the same direction at all times and go around the circuit
Where do electrons come from?
When we get power from the power company, a common misconception is the idea that we pay for the electrons. This is not true. We pay for current which causes the electrons to move. The electrons are already in the wires and running through our homes, but we must have current for them to move.
Power= Current*Voltage
Measured in watts
Also defined as work over time
Rate at which work is done over a certain amount of time
J/s
F. Parallel and Series Circuits
Types of circuits
Series
One circuit total
All devices must be connected and on for all to work
This is because the devices complete the circuit
As devices are added the current goes down because they are each taking away from he same amount of power
Fuses and circuit breakers are wired in series so they cant cut the entire system off when the current is too high
Parallel
Independent circuits within the entire system
Devices can be disconnected and others will still work
Most houses are wired in parallel
Current goes up and resistance goes down as more devices are added to the circuit
Fuses and Circuits prevent fires because parallel circuits can get hot as more devices are added
